James Q. Whitman is Professor of Comparative Law and Foreign to the Ford Foundation at Yale Law School. His subjects are comparative law, criminal law and the history of law. Full Profile The study of law and history at NYU Law has deep roots. The Legal History Colloquium is the longest-running legal history workshop in the country, and the Samuel I. Golieb Fellowship Program, which produces prominent newcomers, is the oldest legal history fellowship program in the United States. The Faculty of Law`s legal history program is also growing and evolving. NYU is now one of the few law schools that offers the history of law outside the United States. Legal history is not limited to piling up old laws.

Legal historians study not only the evolution of law over time, but also the evolution of the relationship between law and society. Studying the past helps us understand the present and the most pressing legal issues we face today. Study the history of law and legal institutions through a wide range of courses on topics such as American legal history, English legal history, legal history of American slavery, history of the American bail system, constitutional history of the American empire, history of criminal law and justice, legal history of civil liberties, etc. See related courses. The Faculty of Law`s faculty includes an unparalleled selection of legal historians from a variety of perspectives, methods, and areas of expertise. View recent faculty activities and scholarships. Duke`s Department of History has an exceptionally strong cohort of scholars with expertise in the history of legal institutions, legal culture, and the relationship between law and society. Take advantage of the law school`s expert faculty, which has in-depth knowledge of legal history and related fields, and broaden your understanding by taking courses with outstanding history professors at Columbia University.

Professor Reva Siegel is Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Professor Siegel`s writings draw on legal history to examine issues of law and inequality, and to analyze how courts interact with representative governments and popular movements in interpreting the Constitution. Full Profile Legal history is important. Legal history is at the interface between disciplines. Its study enriches our understanding of the past and our own. We ask how the law is evolving. How did the rules that govern our lives develop? How did they resist? How were they changed? The study of legal history also opens our eyes to alternatives.

We see how societies that have operated in the past have adopted solutions that are completely alien to ours. On the one hand, it can lead us to question the logic of our methods – even if we don`t reject them. On the other hand, comparison helps us to understand the meaning of the characteristics of our society and the consequences of their change. The study of law in a historical context makes us aware of who the law serves. Which groups used the law? Which groups has the law failed? Who is right and what areas of society does it reflect? In short, we see how law and society interact. Not only do we offer a strong program of traditional legal history taught by outstanding scholars in the field. We lead our students to see how legal history can help us address and solve today`s most pressing problems. Explore Columbia`s historical collections, including rare legal documents and archival collections held in both the Arthur W.

Diamond Law School`s Arthur W. Diamond Law Library and the university`s libraries. The history of law enriches our understanding of the law, improves our understanding of current problems and allows us to imagine new alternatives. Researchers study how legal ideas, doctrines, and institutions change over time, and examine how they shape and are shaped by social, cultural, political, and economic contexts. Legal historians are guided by figures such as judges and legislators, as well as ordinary people, who express their own ideas about what law is and what it should be. Duke`s libraries, in collaboration with those of other universities in the region, hold impressive print and archival holdings in legal history, with particular strength in the legal history of the southern United States. Our legal history community is also enriched by a large number of scholars residing in other departments and schools at Duke (especially the departments of cultural anthropology and political science and law) or at other universities (NCCU, NCSU, and UNC-Chapel Hill). This expanded group of historians meets several times a semester at the Triangle Legal History Seminar (TLHS), an interdisciplinary faculty doctoral seminar that discusses work-in-progress pre-released by the field and visiting scholars. The themes of the seminar cover all historical eras and all regions of the world. Edward Balleisen also maintains a web portal, Legal History on the Web, which provides links to a variety of online resources on legal history. Whether you`re planning to focus on history, considering studying law, or just want to take a course, we look forward to hearing from you.

Courses on law and slavery, the history of property, the relationship between race and citizenship, and the growth of the state can help us understand how racial injustice developed. They also provide an opportunity to explore competing strategies to challenge injustices. John H. Langbein is Professor Emeritus of Law and Legal History and Professor of Law. He is a leading legal historian and a leading American authority on fiduciary law, probate, annuities and investment. He teaches and writes in the fields of Anglo-American and European legal history, modern comparative law, trust and inheritance law and pension law (ERISA). Duke offers a joint JD/MA degree for law students interested in pursuing a dissertation in history at the same time. We offer graduate seminars in legal history as part of our general doctoral program, and a number of our doctoral students also conduct research in this area. In the past and present, our graduate students have dealt with topics as diverse as the moral and legal significance of violence in the midst of the English Civil War, legal culture in early British India, divorce in Mexico in the eighteenth century, infanticide in the early American Republic, pre-war defamation claims by American slaves, the development of commercial law in the Indian Ocean basin of the nineteenth and early years. Twentieth century. the dynamics of legal activism within the American civil rights movement and agricultural regulation in twentieth-century America. Welcome to the Legal History Program! This page is designed to help you navigate the many ways to study Harvard legal history.

As you will see, our interests span a range of times, places, and problem areas. First, you will find a list of professors and graduate students who are interested in legal history. They should be a resource for mentoring, counseling and guidance. Contact them. Second, we have compiled a list of courses that touch on aspects of legal history. Whether you are interested in the civil rights movement, democracy, or feudalism, you should find something interesting. While many of our courses are taught by the Department of History, you will also be encouraged to consider offerings from HLS and other departments. Finally, take a look at our upcoming events.

We hope you will join us.

We are the only national legal group dedicated to eliminating and preventing homelessness. We are expanding access to affordable housing, addressing the immediate and long-term needs of the homeless or vulnerable, and strengthening the social safety net by: If you rent, homeown or homeless, you have rights. Explore this section to discover: Question: Who exactly does the Legal Clinic help? Juvenile Justice: Our Juvenile Justice Team helps unaccommodated and non-systemic youth access the benefits, services and housing supports needed for safety and stability. We work closely with homeless youth shelters and do on-site check-ins in places where youth at risk of homelessness spend time. We are committed to improving youth access to transitional housing programs; produce a report identifying and sharing best practices in supporting youth without housing; Co-develop a homeless youth manual and guide to help counties ensure housing stability and maximize participation in THP-Plus (transitional housing for young adults who have left the care system); and successfully lobbied for youth not to be excluded from subsidized and transitional housing programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Work Team: BayLegal uses a holistic approach that combines legal services and social work. Our social workers are integrated with our juvenile justice, housing and ISS advocacy teams, engaging with homeless clients and clients at risk of eviction to help them connect with housing, income support, community resources, educational support, foster care and health care. Social workers also provide an anchor of support and emotional support to clients throughout their legal case. “As lawyers, we have a duty to use the special skills we have been given to give back to the community and minimize homelessness as much as possible.” Join our network of over 200 volunteers from the DC legal community. HRP works closely with the community and other advocacy partners on homelessness and housing issues in both the New York State Legislature and the New York City Council. HRP employees regularly testify before state and city legislators and comment on policies and regulatory changes.

HRP also sits on numerous coalitions and task forces advocating for additional resources for New York`s homeless. Our proven method of first-class legal representation on housing and homelessness issues is having a huge impact. The City Bar Justice Center`s Homeless Legal Clinic (LCH) team, with the support of pro bono lawyers, provides advice, advocacy and advocacy to homeless residents on issues related to obtaining public benefits and other legal challenges faced by New Yorkers struggling with poverty. LCH works with hosting providers and law firms, corporate legal services and others to provide the legal services they need to people living in New York City neighborhoods. We also know that the urgency of broader and coordinated strategies to prevent and mitigate homelessness is linked to the urgency of addressing racial injustice for a long time-overdue manner. Homelessness disproportionately affects people of color and is a racial justice issue. Blacks make up 6.5 percent of California`s total population, but 40 percent of the state`s homeless. To meaningfully address the underlying causes of homelessness, we must acknowledge the racist economic, housing, and law enforcement policies that have historically led to housing instability and economic insecurity among communities of color. Dismantling these racist policies and systems is necessary to address, prevent and ultimately eliminate homelessness. BayLegal works in partnership with our clients, local communities and other community organizations to challenge policies and systems that promote and reinforce racial differences, and to seek equitable remedies for our clients. The need for a coordinated and effective response to homelessness in our state and region is clear.

California is home to 27 percent of all homeless people in the United States, 72 percent of whom were unprotected. Over the past decade, homelessness in California has increased by 22% and more than 16% from 2018 to 2019 alone. “By virtually every measure, the Bay Area homelessness crisis is among the worst in the United States.” According to PiT counts, the Bay Area has the third-largest homeless population in the country and is also home to a smaller proportion of its homeless residents than any other U.S. metropolitan area outside of Los Angeles. According to a recent report, “formerly incarcerated people are nearly 10 times more likely to be homeless than the general public — in California, 70% of homeless people have a history of incarceration.” Consumer Rights: Our consumer rights team helps people living in poverty and low-income workers become free of consumer debt and student loan debt, making it easier for them to pay rent, avoid foreclosures and stay housed.

The legal act of inheritance is used to determine the appropriate legal heir of a deceased person. This certificate is used to identify the relationship of the heirs with the deceased. According to the rules, family benefits such as annuity and property go to the next legitimate heirs when a person dies. To benefit from these benefits, legitimate heirs must obtain a legal certificate of inheritance. You can track the status of your application in the following ways: Step 4: The tax officer processes the application for a Certificate of Estate online. The legal certificate of the heir is issued within 30 days of the date of the application. After registering on the Odisha e-district portal, registered beneficiaries can log into their account at any time to request a certificate, apply for a license or change their application form. The procedure for connecting to the Odisha e-District portal has been shown below. People can get their electronic certificates from the comfort of their own homes. The main purpose of obtaining a legal deed of inheritance is to acquire the inheritance of the property or land left by the deceased. This certificate is used to identify the appropriate rightful heir for ownership of a particular property in the event of the sudden death of the registered owner. Step 1: Before applying for a legal certificate of inheritance, complete the death registration process and obtain a death certificate from the relevant authority. The applicant must go to the nearest CSC centre.

Here are the goals of obtaining a legal certificate of inheritance in Odisha: Many certificates are issued through the Odisha District Certificate Portal, such as: Certificate of Residence, Certificate of Income, Certificate of Caste, Certificate of Guardianship, Legal Certificate of Inheritance, etc. After accepting the applicant`s legal request for heir, the applicant will receive an SMS to the registered mobile phone number regarding the approval of the application. Step 6: After uploading all the verification and procedure documents, the tax officer will take steps to issue a legal certificate. Many certificates can be issued on this eDistrict Odisha Certificate online portal created by the state government, such as residence certificate, caste certificate, income certificate, ESCB certificate, legal certificate of inheritance, guardianship certificate, etc. The documents required to apply for each certificate and the application procedure are listed below: – Receive a digitally signed legal receipt. It can be used for any of the above purposes. 5. After successful verification, you can log in to the app with your email address and password to request the desired electronic certificate.

If the person died as a government employee, the legal certificate of inheritance is useful for the following purposes: Check the legal certificate of inheritance through the Odisha e-District portal by clicking on the certificate verification option. Enter the application number. 3. Enter your application reference number. and the token does not. to verify the certificate. When registering the property in Odisha, the seller must provide the buyer with a legal certificate of heir to establish ownership of the property being sold. Failure to verify legal certificates of inheritance when purchasing ancestral property may lead to legal disputes in the future. 2. The following window appears.

Registered candidates can log in using their login ID and password or OTP. At the end, write the captcha code as shown in the field provided. In order to obtain a legal certificate of inheritance in Odisha, the following documents are required: This is a comprehensive online service. People can upload and submit their applications, pay mandatory fees and track the status of their application online. To apply for the Odisha District Caste Certificate, applicants must log in to the Odisha e-District portal. Complete the application form and submit it with the list of required documents. It should be noted that applicants will receive an application reference number that must be retained for future references. To apply for the ESCB certificate, applicants in the category must register on the portal and submit the application form by filling in all the details correctly and carefully. Once the form is successfully submitted, an application reference number is generated.

Applicants must save it in order to be able to use it in the future Applicants can apply for the certificate through the official portal of the Odisha eDistrict. They must log in with their credentials. Then they must fill out the application form with the desired information and submit all the required documents. Keep the application reference number generated after successfully submitting the application form. Enter the application number and click Search; The status of the application is displayed. A certificate of guardianship is required to declare custody of a minor. In order to obtain a guardianship certificate, parents or guardian must complete an application form available on the official Odisha Electronic District portal. All details must be carefully entered into the form. The following list of documents must be attached to the form. Parents/guardians should note that an application reference number will be provided by officers to their cell phone number, which must be retained for future reference.

After proclamation and verification, if the tax officer approves the application for legal certificate of inheritance, the certificate of inheritance can be downloaded from Odisha Legal. Visit the CSC Centre again and provide the application number. The Odisha District E application process consists of the following steps: If someone is having trouble completing the online application form, they can go to the nearest CSC. CSC, common service centres have been set up by the government in remote areas and villages of the country to provide electronic services. Odisha residents who do not have in-depth knowledge of the technology can go to the nearest CSC in Odisha district with all the required documents. The authorized village chief assists applicants with the application form. Once the application form is successfully completed, applicants will receive a confirmation form with their application reference number. The application reference number shall be kept in a secure place by applicants.

Step 5: Within fifteen days, the tax officer announces a prescribed format for obtaining public objections to the testator`s list of legal heirs. The Odisha e-District portal is designed to efficiently provide electronic services to every citizen of the state of Odisha through digitization. People can get their electronic certificates from the comfort of their own homes. Step 3: Submit all required documents (see above) to CSC`s service provider. The application for a legal certificate of inheritance is transmitted online to the competent authority, i.e. Tahsildar or Revenue Mandal Officer. Step 2: The applicant must submit an application to CSC in the prescribed format for the Legal Certificate of Inheritance. Include the following information on the application form: This certificate is issued to the heirs (family members) of a person who died without a will. The main purpose of obtaining a certificate of inheritance is to facilitate the collection of estate debts and to protect the party paying the debt to the deceased`s representative. The certificate of succession only allows its holder to collect the debt owed to the testator as trustee of the other applicant.

You need to register on the official e-district portal Odisha Portal. After successful registration, you can fill out the application form accordingly. Note: The CSC Center service operator issues a receipt with the legal heir`s application number. The applicant will also receive the application number at the registered email address and mobile phone number. Keep it for future reference. The requestor receives status updates for the legal certificate of inheritance application via SMS. The applicant can also track the status of the application through the Odisha e-District web portal. You can also check the status of your application by logging in from the Login tab on the home page. Once logged in, select “Track Request Status” in the “View Request Status” tab. You can check the status of the application by entering your application reference number and password in the “Check my application status” icon on the home page. 2. There are two options to choose from to track the app.

You can choose either “By Application Reference Number” where you must provide your Application Reference Number as well as the date of submission or delivery as you wish. You can also select “About One-Time Password/App Details”. The subject who does not know how to use a computer can contact the nearest CSC to request a certificate. A certificate of guardianship is required to declare custody of a minor. Its application procedure is as follows: – These certificates are official documents that state certain facts that are true and that citizens have demanded from the government for various purposes.

Unlike guardianship, adoption terminates the rights of biological parents. Instead, the adoptive parents have sole custody of the child. For decades, adoption has been used as a tool of colonial violence against First Nations, Métis and Inuit. Because guardianship does not come with the same trauma and stigma, some Indigenous people feel more comfortable with guardianship as a permanent option. Custody, guardianship and adoption are legal provisions for the custody of children. Each is determined by the court if the children`s parents are unable to care for them for any reason. Hello – guardianship procedures may vary from state to state, so we recommend contacting a local family law attorney for more information. Here`s a list of lawyers to get you started: adoptionart.org/find-an-attorney/ I have a 12-year-old daughter. His biological father was never pictured. I started dating when she was 5 and we`ve been together for 7 years now. Married almost 1 year.

My husband wants to be his legal guardian if something happens to me. Should we apply for legal guardianship or adoption? I have a daughter who is 3 years old this year, I have the guardianship of her grandparents and I just found out that they want to adopt her. Can they do it legally without my consent? One of the most common questions lawyers receive from current and hopeful parents is, “What is the difference between adoption and legal guardianship?” The biggest and most important difference in guardianship from adoption is the period for which it is effective: guardianship is temporary, while adoption is permanent. However, because the legal difference between adoption and legal guardianship can be nuanced and complicated, it is easy for current and intended parents to confuse the two processes. As with all legal adoption matters, it is recommended that you speak to an experienced adoption attorney to learn more about your state`s specific adoption laws before proceeding. A lawyer can also look at your personal situation to determine if adoption or guardianship is best for you. My niece has been living with me since I was 3 years old. 6 years ago, I was entrusted with permanent guardianship.

Can I adopt them? She is now 11 years old Hi, Savanna – We encourage you to contact a local lawyer for more information about your options. Because adoption and custody processes vary so much from state to state, a local attorney is the only one who can provide you with proper advice. Here you can start looking for a lawyer: adoptionart.org/find-an-attorney/ Good luck! Guardianship is a legal term that means when a person is appointed as the legal guardian of a minor by a court order. If the courts find that a biological parent is unable to care for a child, all rights and privileges of a biological parent are essentially transferred to the designated guardian. The California judicial authority determines that a guardian may be appointed to care for one or more children, administer their estate, or both. Hello, Monty – We recommend contacting a local adoption attorney for more information about this process. Adoption laws vary from state to state and even county to county, so we can`t advise you on your personal situation. Start your search for an experienced lawyer here: adoptionart.org/find-an-attorney/ Good luck! 54.1 Guardianship applies to children who have the status of a continuous custody order. This means that their parents` rights have ended and they are under the permanent guardianship of the Ministry. Under section 54.1, custody may be transferred to a family member or non-family member.

Whichever path you choose, adoption and guardianship require knowledge of the laws and thorough research. In addition, States follow different procedures. Therefore, it is important to speak with a family law lawyer before proceeding. To help you better understand the difference between adoption and legal guardianship, we`ve outlined what you need to know here. However, it is important to remember that these processes can be complex and the details vary depending on the situation. If you have questions about guardianship versus adoption in your personal situation, it`s best to talk to an experienced adoption lawyer. A legal guardian cannot pass on his or her own inheritance to the child in his or her care unless a special provision is made in his or her will. You will need to contact a lawyer. Here is a directory that can help you: www.adoptivefamilies.com/adoption-attorneys/ learn more about the adoption process and other options, such as: Permanent guardianship to care for children and adolescents: www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content?id=42491D44ABE342CEB5DE10C46E78BAF7 Hello, I have had my 3-year-old niece in my care for a year. Their parents willingly spent them because they could not support themselves. She was with me all year, her parents don`t want responsibility, but want to be known as their parents. She may see them once a month and there is no further contact.

I stick to their needs and wants when they have them because I don`t have guardianship, but I want something more permanent for them. Because they clearly don`t want responsibility and don`t take their time. Any suggestions?? Adoption Adoption is the process by which an adult becomes the permanent legal parent of a child. Adoptions may be by waiver, forfeiture of parental rights or consent to adoption by a biological parent. Adoption breaks the previous legal child-child relationship and creates a new legal parent-child relationship between the adoptee and the adoptive parent. Sometimes adopted children also stay in touch with their biological family. This is called “open adoption.” Hi, I have a legal guardian of a child I have had since birth and I raised him as if he were my son, he is now 5 years old and I want to adopt him, he had a lot of problems due to the fact that at birth he had a lot of medication in his system while she was pregnant We don`t know, who is the father because she is a prostitute and has no interest in leaving prostitution or drugs, there are 7 of these children who were all taken from her by the state, so for me to fully adopt her, I still have to have her consent because she has never been in my baby life and never will be, There are other ways to do adoption without your consent. Hello, we are looking to adopt a child from Sri Lanka to the USA in about 3 years (or get legal guardianship) as the child will be living abroad for some time. We are looking for a lawyer specialized in international adoption to advise you, any recommendations please? It is very useful to know that inheritance law is also included when a child has been adopted into a family. After trying for six months, my husband and I recently discovered that there were complications in his reproductive system that prevented us from having children.

We plan to consult with social workers and an adoption lawyer to better assess whether it would be better for us to simply opt for adoption. Usually, when a person asks, “Adoption or guardianship?” it is because they are in a situation where a child is in need, but do not know what is the best option for the child`s parents. At the end of the day, that decision is always up to the child`s parents. But knowing the important differences between adoption and legal guardianship, how does a parent decide what is the best custody option for their child? Before deciding between the two, parents should ask themselves these questions: In general, if a parent voluntarily terminates their legal rights (this must be done through an attorney in accordance with state laws), then a minor would be eligible for adoption, yes. However, we strongly recommend that you consult an adoption lawyer. They will ensure that the adoption is 100% legally sound and possible in your situation. Here is a directory that can help you: www.adoptivefamilies.com/adoption-attorneys/ The biggest difference between adoption and guardianship may be the period during which the agreement is in force. While adoption places a child permanently with a new family, guardianship is usually a temporary arrangement that places the child with a close friend or family member. Many people confuse adoption with guardianship because they share similar traits. Most importantly, both processes can achieve the goal of providing a stable environment for a child.

When it comes to guardianship versus adoption, there is no right answer – just the right answer for your situation. This is not a decision that can be made without serious research and consideration, but there are many experienced adoption lawyers who can offer you the legal advice you need to make the best choice for you.

(e) Public task: The processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or for your official duties, and the task or function has a clear legal basis. ☐ Insofar as we process special category data, we have also identified and documented a condition for the processing of special category data. The legal basis for processing is so important because the legal basis must be verifiable at all times. An organisation must be able to show internally, data subjects and supervisory authorities what legal basis it uses for each person whose data it processes. When a data subject gives consent to an organization, the organization must be able to demonstrate when and how that data subject gave consent. Again, this is much the same as in the privacy policy and in non-legal language simply means that the public interest remains a reason for dealing with the public interest, which includes, among other things, the performance of several possible public tasks (e.g. VAT and tax obligations), tasks that you have as a public authority and that require the processing of personal data in accordance with legal obligations, and other data processing operations considered to be of public interest such as scientific research, public health and more. The need for a legal basis for the processing of personal data under the GDPR (with the necessary exceptions) is not new. In its recitals and articles, the GDPR says much the same thing as its predecessor, the Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC), on several fronts. But there are also impactful changes. If the controller has a legal obligation for which certain personal data must be processed, the processing is permitted. This compliance with a legal obligation for which processing is necessary and to which the controller is subject is also not new.

(f) Legitimate interests: The processing is necessary for your legitimate interests or the legitimate interests of a third party, unless there is a valid reason to protect the individual`s personal data that overrides those legitimate interests. (This cannot apply if you are an authority that processes data to perform your official duties.) Also note that data subjects have the right to object to processing on this ground in accordance with Article 21. In that case, such processing must cease, unless the controller can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the rights of the data subject. If data subjects object to processing for direct marketing purposes (including profiling for this purpose), they may not object to stopping the processing. For more information, see the section on special category data. Extract from recital 45 of the GDPR: `It should also be for Union or Member State law to determine whether the controller responsible for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority should be a public authority or other natural or legal person governed by public law or, where it is in the public interest: including for health purposes such as public health and social welfare and the administration of health services by private law, such as a professional association`. This includes authorities (e.g. government or emergency services) and organisations to which official tasks are delegated. This processing must be permitted by EU or national law, so it is generally not possible for organisations to argue that they are covered because their activities are “in the public interest”. Please note that data subjects have the right to object to processing on this ground in accordance with Article 21. Unlike the GDPR, the D-DPA (like the current DPA) does not require a controller or processor to rely on or provide a legal basis to process personal data. In other words, the processing of personal data is in principle permitted.

This also applies to the processing of sensitive data, as long as the data is not passed on to third parties (see below). However, the processing of personal data must not unlawfully infringe the privacy of data subjects. A data breach exists in particular in the following cases: For any processing of personal data, it is important to consider the best legal basis, as recommended in the Article 29 (European Data Protection Board) Guidelines on Consent of the end of November 2017. The examination of the best legal basis for the lawfulness of each processing activity begins before the actual processing. And in the context of GDPR compliance, of course, this means that you already have a mandatory list and record of your personal data processing activities. Private sector companies, associations and organisations will rely mainly on the following legal bases: Fundamental interest: The controller must process personal data to protect a data subject who is unable to give consent, for example: if unconscious. If you process special category data, you must provide both a legal basis for the processing and a special category for processing in accordance with Article 9. You must document both your legal basis for processing and your special category so that you can demonstrate compliance and accountability. The legal basis for processing is also important as it has a significant impact on how an organisation responds to data subjects` requests for rights.

Certain rights may be granted if consent is the legal basis for the processing or if the performance of a contract is the legal basis for the processing. There are also other implications for the legal basis for the processing. For example, the processing of special types of data, including: race, ethnicity, health data, biometric data and other sensitive information, requires certain bases of processing. Of course, you can`t always choose another one and you need to be sure of that. This starts with knowing and understanding the six legal bases for processing personal data. So, a quick look at each of them as a reminder. Recital 40 of the GDPR states that personal data must be processed on the basis of the data subject`s consent or another legitimate basis for the processing to be lawful. The main recitals and articles on lawful processing and the grounds for lawfulness of processing as such are, first of all, among those where little has changed. Even if processing for a new purpose is lawful, you must also verify that it is fair and transparent and provide individuals with information about the new purpose. The processing activity is necessary for a legal obligation, such as information security, labor law or consumer transaction law. However, this does not apply to processing based on consent.

Consent must always be specific and informed, and re-use of data for a new purpose would unfairly undermine the original consent. Typically, you will need a new consent that specifically covers the new purpose. If you get specific consent for the new purpose, you don`t have to prove it`s compatible. You must determine your legal basis before you start processing personal data. It`s important to get it right the first time. If, at a later stage, you discover that the basis you chose was indeed inappropriate, it will be difficult to simply switch to another. Even if a different basis could have applied from the outset, a retroactive change of legal basis would likely be inherently unfair to individuals and would lead to breaches of accountability and transparency requirements. Private companies can sometimes operate in the public sector, for example when schools or health services are private. In addition, the legal basis for the processing is a task in the public interest. Some personal data is considered so sensitive that its processing is generally prohibited.

When it comes to such data, it is not enough to have one of the above reasons, but there are also special rules. Consent means that the data subject has given consent to the processing of personal data for one or more specific purposes.

DFS follows what most betting options do by requiring their age at 21 and older. This means that you must be legally able to purchase alcohol before you can participate in the DFS game. (g) The person shall submit to the administrative department, no later than 30 days after the date of delivery, documents showing that the vessel equipped with slot machines has been delivered to the customer who ordered the work carried out on the vessel. The legal gambling age in Wisconsin is determined by the type of gambling establishment and the type of gambling. There are 21 for land-based tribal casinos, as well as 18 for bingo halls and the state lottery. Please ensure that you are over the minimum gambling age before entering a casino or other permitted gaming venue. DFS has been legal in the state since 2019, which is a big exception to Wisconsin`s online gambling laws. To be more specific, everyday fantasy sports are neither prohibited nor permitted by Wisconsin`s online gambling laws, meaning they are on the “gray market.” You can play it safely as long as you do it with a licensed online DFS operator. Wisconsin`s gambling industry used to revolve around horse and dog racing, but since all racetracks go bankrupt, it now depends on local tribal casinos. 1m) To the extent that in para. (2m) any person who intentionally performs any of the following acts is guilty of a Class A offence: (a) permits the use of immovable property owned, controlled or controlled by that person; or Under the authority granted to the State at 15 U.S.C. 1172 which prohibits the transportation of a slot machine to a place in or in possession of the United States from a place outside the state or possession, that state exempts Sturgeon Bay, Manitowoc, Marinette, Superior and La Crosse, Wisconsin, from the application of 15 USC 1172. Then come sports betting or, more precisely, skills competitions.

This is the only legal form of pari-mutuel betting that can include licensed horse racing, dog racing, snowmobile racing, and track betting. Any form of off-track gambling is considered illegal in Wisconsin. If you are looking for legal sports to place your bets, you should always look for games that involve skill, strength or endurance competitions. DFS platforms advertise their contests as entirely skill-based, claiming that they are legal in states like Wisconsin that rely on luck to determine whether something constitutes a game. So far, none of these claims have been disputed by state officials, but DFS fans should be aware of the fact that sites like DraftKings, FanDuel, or Yahoo DFS operate in a legal gray area in the state. Fortunately, state lawmakers are currently working on two bills to regulate paid DFS contests, so the situation should become crystal clear in 2019. However, this is not guaranteed; The sponsors of one of the current bills tried to make a similar push in 2017, but failed to convince the House of their case. b) Allows the installation of a gaming machine for the purpose of playing in a place under its control. Horse and greyhound racing is legal in Wisconsin. There are no active tracks. Tribal casinos have thrown the racing industry out of business.

Unfortunately, residents do not have access to state-sanctioned online casinos, and gambling at offshore sites is illegal within state borders. This is unlikely to change anytime soon, as there are currently no gambling bills in the works. All online gambling sites have many bettors who focus on sports betting, but poker is always available. Being able to play poker while on your laptop or mobile device is ideal for those who can`t go to a local casino. Make sure you are at least 18 years old and can log in without any problems. (4) Place of play. (a) A gambling venue is a building or tent, any vehicle (self-propelled or not) or space in any of them, the main uses of which are: placing and settling bets; receive, hold, store or transmit bets or offers of bets; organizing lotteries; or slot machines. Wisconsin voters approved two new forms of gambling in 1987.

A state lottery was approved this year. The first ticket went on sale the following year, on September 14. Horse and dog racing was also legalized in 1987. The first line was opened in 1990. At one point, five tracks were in service in Wisconsin. Tribal casinos have destroyed the demand for races in the state. Dairyland Greyhound Park was the last to close. This happened on December 31, 2009. (m) If the violation of paragraph 1(m) involves the installation or use of up to 5 video game machines on premises for which a Class “B” or “Class B” licence or approval according to Chapter 125, the person may be penalized as follows:(a) If the violation involves a video slot machine, The person may be ordered not to lose more than $500. (b) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who benefits from the provisions of s. (1) (a) and (b) to any of the following: Other commercial casinos are illegal, including US online gambling operators, online bookmakers or other online betting devices.

Wisconsin`s slot laws allow slots and video poker machines only in land-based casinos operated by tribes. These are the main entities that are also subject to Wisconsin`s gaming tax laws. Every tribal casino is required to report players who win over $1200 at slots and bingo. Gambling in Wisconsin is legal under certain circumstances. You can play various games in Indian casinos or buy a lottery ticket. There are many games with jackpot prizes. Another legal option is track betting, but unfortunately there are currently no active race tracks. Charity games are often held, and raffles or bingo can be played. 945.041 Revocation of license and injunction against gaming devices. No, you cannot legally play at an online casino in Wisconsin. It is highly recommended to avoid gambling in illegal gambling sites and offshore online operators, as this is punishable under Wisconsin`s online gambling laws, especially if you are not of minimum gambling age. Instead, you can learn more about legal gambling in Wisconsin in our blog post.

(a) The work performed on the ship is ordered by a customer who uses or owns the ship outside that State in a place where the use or possession of the slot machines on board the ship is lawful. (b) Evidence that the place is commonly referred to as a gaming venue or that it was frequently visited at or around the relevant time by persons known to be professional gamblers or visitors to games of chance is admissible for the purposes of determining whether it is a gaming venue. After receiving the state`s claim, WI`s original constitution contained harsh anti-gambling clauses and remained so for about 150 years. Slowly over time, Badger State has loosened its grip on anti-gambling policies, creating special exceptions over the past 50 years to create the gaming environment now found in WI. Native American casinos in Wisconsin offer traditional gambling such as slots, video poker, live dealer games, bingo, dice games, and many more. A popular choice of WI players is American roulette, followed by blackjack. Poker rooms are very popular in the state – you can participate in a tournament and win a big prize. In 1988, Wisconsin`s gambling laws allowed land-based casinos to operate exclusively on tribal lands. Tribal casinos are a safe choice for players who enjoy traditional gambling. All comply with the rules of the local Gaming Division. Here are the most popular Indian casinos in Wisconsin: The landmark Supreme Court decision that lifted the federal sports betting ban is unlikely to affect Wisconsin.

Essentially, local legislators do not seem interested in legalizing this form of gambling. The 2018 session is guaranteed to end up on the agenda without a sports betting law, and the chances of such a law being introduced in 2019 seem slim. Gambling has been legal in Wisconsin since 1988, when India`s federal gaming regulation law required states to negotiate casino contracts with any Indian tribes that wanted to. In Wisconsin, eleven tribes took advantage of this offer, which gave that state a whole series of Class III casinos. The minimum age for Wisconsin gambling is 18 for lottery, charity, and off-track betting. The minimum age to play in Wisconsin is 21. Yes, gambling laws in Wisconsin are such that they prohibit most types of gambling and on the other hand, there are 22 legal Indian casinos where you can legally play almost all types of games. That being said, gambling in Wisconsin is legal as long as you play at licensed and regulated gambling establishments. The first form of gambling allowed by Wisconsin laws was charitable gambling.

Today, the variety of legal gambling is greater – you can choose between tribal casinos, off-the-track pari-mutuel betting, and lottery. The following list shows all the reforms made to the state`s gambling laws over the years: Many casinos offer alcohol there, which is why it makes sense in Wisconsin that their age is 21 and older.

Signature requirement (§ 251.051) – Must be certified by the testator and two (2) credible witnesses or older than 14 years old and sign the will by hand in the presence of the testator. Your handwritten “holograph” will does not need to be signed in front of witnesses or a notary. No one but you can write any part of it and no part of it can be typed. You can write in italics or block letters, but the entire will can only be by you. Make a valid will for your family today! Learn the facts and get the Texas Will Form you need. Options: Download, Mail, Preparation. Wills for married, single, widowed or divorced, with or without children. The same applies to people who are married or living together. All Texas Will forms can be downloaded in Word electronic format or rich text, or you can order the form by mail. Wills contain state-specific forms and instructions.

After selecting the will for your situation below, you can also view a free summary of the law for your state. We offer the same forms used by lawyers. That`s why so many attorneys use USLF for their form requirements. Order your printable will form from U.S. legal forms today! A will allows you to leave your personal property, real estate and all other forms of property that have passed through your estate. A holograph will is simply a will that is entirely of your own handwriting. If done correctly, it is valid and can be legally enforced. To create a valid handwritten will in Texas, the entire document must be in your own hand. Definitions – (§ 22.034) – “will” includes a codicil and testamentary instrument that: (a) appoints an executor or guardian; (b) determine how the property cannot be disposed of; or (c) revokes another will. A “living will” allows a person (principal) to plan in advance what medical care their doctor can refer to, while determining the best treatment for the client when they are no longer able to communicate their wishes. The contracting authority may also delegate powers to a health worker who may monitor his or her health care and ensure compliance with the client`s health decisions. Texas will forms are documents that guide a user through the process of dividing their estate as well as preparing a “living will.” A “will” is a document that a testator would use to divide his estate by an executor (representative) among his beneficiaries.

These forms were originally published in Mr. Stevenson`s Texas legal form books for lawyers. These forms have been used and approved by Texas attorneys since 1982 and are used in Texas County Law Libraries and Texas Law Schools. Our forms are used in practice by many Texas attorneys and are not just store-bought forms. Documents purchased on this website are delivered by immediate electronic download in Microsoft Word format. Please note that there are two ways to have a valid will in Texas. One possibility is with a holographic will, as discussed above. The other way is with a formal will, which must be testified. Houston Volunteer Lawyers recommends that you make a formal will with HVL (for low-income Houstonians) or another attorney if you are able to do so. You can contact the Houston Lawyer Referral Service at 713-237-9429 to help you find an attorney. This information does not constitute legal advice and does not take into account the diversity of circumstances in your life.

A person who writes a will is called a testatrix and must be of sound mind when signing the testamentary document. A Texas will is a legal document that outlines the final instructions of a testator (the person who owns the will) regarding their estate and how they intend to distribute it to beneficiaries after their death. A will gives the testator the ability to choose who inherits certain parts of their estate, such as real estate and personal property, trusts, insurance policies, other financial accounts, and many other assets and property. The beneficiaries of a testator are usually spouses, children, friends, blood relatives, and even non-profit organizations. However, the testator may designate any natural or legal person as beneficiary of his estate by means of the will. Under Texas law, the documents require that two (2) witnesses be present at the time of execution and signing; Both witnesses also sign the will to confirm their acceptance of the testator`s signature. And while optional, a testator can have the document notarized to add an extra layer of legal protection. Wills can be amended or revoked by the testator at any time, provided that the testator is of sound mind. Use this will if none of the other forms of will suit your situation.

This will can be used by anyone. Step 5 – Witnesses/Signatures – All those who are required to act as signatories will be present when the document is signed. Everyone must participate: The court system often requires the submission of multiple forms for a particular situation. Legal Forms for Texas not only offers individual documents, but we also have forms packages from start to finish for a complete solution to your legal needs. Living will – This document is also known as a living will. The document is provided so that each person (principal), while being of sound mind, has the opportunity to register their preferred medical treatment options. This document would only be implemented when the client is no longer able to make their own medical decisions. The client would also have the option to select a health care provider to ensure that all advance instructions are followed in accordance with the instructions in the client`s advance agreements and advance rulings. The document or parts thereof may be revoked at any time. This DIY guide was created in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting limitations on people`s ability to meet with lawyers and others. You need to write legibly so that other people can easily read and understand what you have written. Step 6 – Affidavit of Will – All signatories must verify and then enter: A Texas will and will must comply with the laws of the State of Texas to be valid, otherwise probate proceedings could be denied.

Witnesses – Witnesses should review the brief statement and enter the following: How to Create Your Texas Will is provided in the instructions with each will. A person under the age of 18 cannot make a will in Texas. Step 7 (Optional) – Notary – When the testator completes the document, each signature must be attested and confirmed by a designated notary.

Beckham is involved in a joint venture with Simon Fuller`s XIX Entertainment. This business initiative has built a portfolio of trading companies, including Footwork Productions, Beckham Ventures Ltd and Beckham Brand Ltd, the latter being a joint venture between Beckham and his wife Victoria, who is responsible for managing various commercial advisories (Vincent et al., 2009). Footwork Productions manages Beckham`s image rights and sponsorship deals, with the only product being the Beckham license. In 2011, Beckham`s Footwork Productions had a turnover of £14.9 million, with Beckham receiving £11.6 million (Companies House, 2012). As part of his move to PSG, Beckham`s share of image rights and merchandising revenue will be donated to London-based Footwork Productions. Footwork Productions serves as a showcase for licensing and exploitation of Beckham`s image rights, allowing Beckham to further optimize its off-field revenues (Milligan, 2009). The negotiations between the club and the player should have determined not only the distribution of the merchandising and image rights revenues, but also how they were paid; in this case, to Footwork Productions. Unlike a typical transfer, Beckham`s transfer to PSG (taking into account the length of his contract and salary donation) emphasizes the commercial clauses of the contract, as Beckham`s commercial activity replaces his sporting activity (Vincent et al., 2009). Fiddle with the intent and necessity of the rules as much as you like (there`s a great comments section below), but this column is meant to fix one of my pet peeves.

Rules are rules, and players know the rules – or at least they should. Fans, on the other hand, rarely see the black and white of this case and prefer to see the world in shades of gray with reflections of the colors of their favorite team. Commissioner Roger Goodell became known as the judge, jury and executioner of the player`s penalty for ordering an increase in fines related to player safety. In a way, Goodell and the owners have attempted to turn safety into an inherently dangerous game. In football, defensive players must stop the offensive team by attacking the ball carrier. You can do this in almost any way, although there are some exceptions. When the defensive player makes a tackle, he can grab his opponent`s jersey or body to stop his process forward. This includes grabbing the player`s legs to trip or hitting them with the shoulder.

The game stops as soon as the defensive player has the offensive player on the ground or has prevented the offensive player from moving forward. e) A player who takes his position behind center as a T-formation quarterback is not a permitted receiver unless, before the ball is caught, he legally moves to a position of at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage or at the end of the line and is stationary in that position for at least one second before the snap. Note: If it leaves its position behind the center and does not receive the snap, it is an illegal move unless it is stationary at least a full second before the snap. PSG`s motivation for Beckham`s transfer is primarily commercial in nature, as his age and relative playing skills reduce his use as a sporting asset (however, given the commercial context, Beckham exists as a valuable marketing asset (Chadwick & Burton, 2008). When Beckham joined Real Madrid CF in 2003, the club`s shirt sales increased by 62%, with the club eventually recovering transfer fees paid to Manchester United (The Economist, 2004). By 2013, Beckham had sold more than £1 billion worth of shirts and boots, demonstrating its commercial viability (Forbes; Vincent et al., 2009). PSG, which plans to generate £15 million in Beckham-related merchandising over the course of his five-month contract, aims to optimise its revenue to improve the club`s financial situation (QSI, 2013). In addition, Beckham`s fame and associated publicity served to increase attention and attention for PSG and Ligue 1, similar to his move to the Los Angeles Galaxy (Vincent et al., 2009). In fact, Beckham`s transfer to PSG represents an intersection of commercial interests for the player and the club (Rosner & Shropshire, 2010).

Beckham`s support before and during his tenure as a Los Angeles Galaxy player included Adidas, Gillette, Pepsi Co. and Walt Disney, expanded to include Giorgio Armani, H&M, Yahoo, Electronic Arts, Burger King and Sainsbury`s (Forbes, 2013). Such a diverse portfolio of recommendations suggests that Beckham`s commercial importance is viable in a variety of different markets (Milligan, 2009; Vincent et al., 2009).

The words “good reasons for supporting the conclusions of the original rule” were interpreted as containing both factual and legal elements. See, e.g., Heart Disease Research Foundation v. General Motors Corp., 15 Fed.R.Serv. 2D 1517, 1519 (S.D.N.Y. 1972). They have been replaced by a more targeted standard of behaviour. TIP! If you are considering applying, visit your local law library and read the chapter of the Nevada Civil Practice Handbook on applications. This manual does a good job of collecting and extracting a lot of complicated material. Click here to visit the law libraries. The sanction should be imposed on persons – lawyers, law firms or parties – who have violated the rule or who can be held liable for the violation. The person who signs, submits, submits or endorses a document has a non-delegable responsibility to the court and, in most cases, is the person to sanction for a violation. Except in exceptional circumstances, a law firm is also liable if, as a result of a request under paragraph (c)(1)(A), it is determined that one of its partners, employees or collaborators has violated the rule. Since such a request can only be made if the contested document is not withdrawn or corrected within 21 days of service of the request, the law firm should normally be considered co-liable according to accepted management principles.

The purpose of this provision is to remove the restrictions imposed by the previous rule. See Pavelic & LeFlore v. Marvel Entertainment Group, 493 U.S. 120 (1989) (the 1983 version of Rule 11 does not allow for sanctions against a law firm that signs an unfounded complaint). FYI! When you file a motion in Las Vegas court, your notice of application must include specific language contained in the court rules. For more information, see the Rules of the Court of Justice and read Rule 22.5 of the Las Vegas Local Court Rules of Practice. Confirmation is that there is (or likely to be) “supporting evidence” for the claim, not that the party will prevail with respect to its claim with respect to the fact. The fact that summary judgment is rendered against a party does not necessarily mean, for the purposes of this certificate, that the party had no evidentiary basis for its position. If, on the other hand, a party has sufficient evidence of a claim sufficient to reject an application for summary judgment based on that claim, it would have sufficient “evidence” within the meaning of Rule 11. Practice varies considerably as to whether oral proceedings are optional or mandatory once the written information has been completed. Some courts make interim decisions (under which the loser can request a hearing), while others do not. Depending on the nature of the application and jurisdiction, the court may simply issue an oral decision from the judge`s bench (possibly accompanied by a request to the winner to write a signature order that narrows down the key points of the writing), file the case and write a lengthy written decision and order, or simply fill out a standard court form with checkboxes for different results.

The court may directly serve its decision on all parties or serve only the winner and order the winner to serve on all other parties to the case. The amended rule seeks to resolve the issue by relying on the doctrine of fairness, which allows the court to award costs, including attorneys` fees, to a litigant whose opponent is acting in bad faith in initiating or conducting litigation. See, for example: Roadway Express, Inc. v. Piper, 447 U.S. 752, (1980); Halle v. Cole, 412 U.S. 1, 5 (1973). Greater attention by district courts to pleadings and abuse of petitions and, where appropriate, the imposition of sanctions should discourage delaying or abusive tactics and help streamline litigation by reducing frivolous claims or defences. You should discuss your evidence in your statement of points and authorities, attach it to your application, file it with the court, and serve it on the other party. (CBMP 6(d); JCRCP 6(d).) Applications are strategically important for litigation, and it`s especially important to keep track of the applications that are available to you – the court won`t file a motion for you if you don`t.

Often, a commercial broker is expected to do much more than just connect buyers and sellers. Commercial brokers earn a very high commission on commercial transactions due to the high purchase price, so they often do more of the work generated by the transaction than a real estate broker. Before incurring other fixed fees in the form of legal fees, make sure you can`t delegate certain transaction tasks to your broker, whose fees are already sunk costs. Buying a home is one of the most important purchases most people will make in their entire lives. So you want to be sure that the contract is executed correctly and that ownership is transferred correctly. “A home is one of the biggest assets ever bought in your lifetime,” and a lawyer can help protect you at a relatively inexpensive cost. Some states may also consider closing a home a legal practice and, as such, an attorney may be present when closing. If you get a mortgage with Rocket Mortgage®, we require that you have an attorney to conduct your degree if the property in question is located in one of the following states: Proposed developments: If you are considering buying a property you want to build on but do not yet have plans, I will first describe a site map, which shows the floor plan in which the building can be constructed. Next, I create a table to calculate the total number of units and living space that can be built, as well as the required number of parking spaces.

If you are interested, I can also create an approximate 3D rendering of the proposed building, which is located between the neighboring plots. With this information, I will design a memo explaining what you can create and what gaps and special permits you will need if you want to create more. As she says, “a lot of different things can happen in terms of ownership and title.” As a real estate lawyer, she knew how to read a survey and helped the buyer identify the problem before closing. Easy contract design or review. Sometimes the lawyer`s only role is to review or draft a property purchase agreement. In this case, you can expect costs of $500 to $700. This would not include more complex services such as negotiation, closing support or settlement of transaction-related disputes. You can also draft the deed that includes a description of the property and identifies the settlor (seller) and beneficiary (buyer) for a particular transaction. Buyers and sellers must sign the deed before it is registered with the county. In some states, you can`t take possession of your new home until the county registers the deed.

If your home purchase has extraordinary elements that could complicate your purchase agreement, a good real estate lawyer can ensure that all your contracts take into account the complexity of your situation and help you if contractual issues arise during the process. Are you trying to choose between a real estate agent or a real estate attorney for your next big real estate transaction? While a real estate attorney may be able to save you money in the short term, you`ll likely pay for it. Find out why a full-service real estate agent is the right choice for you. While the above list is not exhaustive, we hope it provides insight into the different legal costs to consider when buying a home. So, the next time you contact law firms about a real estate purchase, you should consider these factors to determine if you are getting a complete and accurate quote. Binding notice: If the buyer is an LLC, lenders often require a legal notice stating that the LLC is authorized to purchase the property and who is authorized to sign on behalf of the LLC. I will take care of that. If a person is willing to buy or sell real estate, a real estate attorney may represent either the buyer or seller, but not both. Representation of both is not permitted, as this could result in a conflict of interest. Usually, you are not required by law to hire a real estate agent to buy or sell a home.

However, in some states, only a lawyer can do things like prepare the purchase agreement, provide legal advice, conduct a title search, and formally close the deal. The contracts you sign are legally binding and breaking their terms can cause you to lose your serious money – or even lead to litigation. For this reason, if you live in certain states, you need to have an attorney to oversee the process. And even in other states where it`s not mandatory, you may still want a lawyer, depending on your situation. If you`ve accepted a dual agency situation – an agent representing both you and the seller – then an extra pair of eyes will likely benefit you. Dual agency is illegal in some states because the agent could be encouraged to behave unethically in order to maximize his commission. If it is authorized in your place of residence, you should have the purchase agreement reviewed by a lawyer to make sure it is fair and reasonable. Without a lawyer to do due diligence, “there could be a lien on the property that you don`t know about,” Laricy says.

“You could close the property and find out you have to pay a $200,000 fee.” In its market, it mainly sells condominiums and, in these cases, there could be revaluations due to the construction company. Hiring a real estate lawyer is crucial to ensure the smooth running of the legal transfer of ownership. Whether you are the buyer or the seller determines their main objectives and purpose. Offer form with the corresponding legal conditions that you can specify when submitting your offers. Offer template with the necessary legal requirements and attachments for qualifications and assumptions This applies to all home purchases. It is a tax that is calculated at 1% on the first $200,000 and 2% on the remainder. There is an exception if the buyer is a first-time home buyer – if the fair market value of the apartment is up to $475,000, this transfer tax is exempt. Keep in mind that an eviction requires a filing fee and a sheriff`s fee in addition to legal fees.

One source estimates the filing fee at $100 to $400, depending on the state, plus $50 to $400 for sheriff`s fees. In addition, you must take into account financial damage, property damage and, if necessary, loss of rent. If you just feel like something might go wrong or want to be sure all your bases are covered, it can be very beneficial to have a real estate attorney by your side.